| Reich Commissariat of Turkestan Reichskommissariat Turkestan (de) |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — Projected colony of Nazi Germany — | |||
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| Seat | Not designated | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Civil administration | ||
| • Reichskommissar | Not designated | ||
Reichskommissariat Turkestan (also spelled as Turkistan, abbreviated as RKT), literally "Reich Commissariat of Turkestan (or Turkistan)" was the civilian occupation regime which the leadership of Nazi Germany proposed to create in the Central Asian Republics of the Soviet Union in its military conflict with that country during World War II.[1]
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Prior to the start of Operation Barbarossa, Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg included the ethnically mainly Turkic and Muslim areas of the USSR in Central Asia in his plans for the future establishment of German supremacy in the remnants of the Soviet Union due to their historical antagonism to the extension of Russian control over the area, in spite of his doubts that German conquests would reach that far east.[2] His original proposal entailed the creation of a string of "de-Russified" and German-friendly suzerainties around the Russian "core area" of Muscovy, which was to be deprived of its access to the Baltic and Black Seas. These entities were Greater Finland, the Baltic region, White Ruthenia (Belarus), Greater Ukraine, Greater Caucasia, Turkestan, Idel-Ural, and Siberia, while a stretch of territory on the western frontier with Germany was to become either part of it or otherwise be under its direct control.[2]
This suggestion was rejected by Adolf Hitler due to not meeting his stated objective of acquiring sufficient Lebensraum in the east for Germany. On Hitler's orders the proposal for a German civil administration in Central Asia was also shelved by Rosenberg at least for the immediate future, who was instead directed to focus his work on the European parts of the USSR for the time-being.[1]
Rosenberg's plan projected the inclusion of the five Central Asian Soviet Republics into the Reichskommissariat: Kazak SSR, Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Tajik SSR and Kyrgyz ASSR.[3] The population of these republics was not homogeneously of Turkic ethnicity (particularely Tajikistan which is in fact predominantly Iranian origin, and whose inhabitants speak the Persian language), but overall shared the Muslim religion. The German plans also included the territories of Altai, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan to the Reichskommissariat on the basis of common religion and ethnicity.[3][4] Some sources even mention the possible inclusion of the Mari El and Udmurtia, regardless of the Uralic origin of the indigenous peoples of these lands.[4]
The eastern limit of the entire territory was never definitively settled during the Second World War. In the event that the Axis forces would have occupied the remainder of the unconquered Soviet Union, a delimitation of the region along the 70° east longitude line was proposed by the Empire of Japan in late 1941, which would have marked the western limit of its own holdings in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.[5] An amended version of this suggestion moved the frontier to the eastern border of the Central Asian republics with China, and along the Yenisei river in Siberia.[6]
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